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diff --git a/content/wp-content/uploads/article/videos/emacsen-000-de-luis-saravia-para-sus-hijos.mp4 b/content/wp-content/uploads/article/videos/emacsen-000-de-luis-saravia-para-sus-hijos.mp4
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diff --git a/content/wp-content/uploads/article/videos/emacsen-001-reporte-y-como-empece.mp4 b/content/wp-content/uploads/article/videos/emacsen-001-reporte-y-como-empece.mp4
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diff --git a/content/wp-content/uploads/article/videos/emacsen-002-eLisp-tipo-bash.mp4 b/content/wp-content/uploads/article/videos/emacsen-002-eLisp-tipo-bash.mp4
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diff --git a/content/wp-content/uploads/pages/subtitles/2017/03/english.vtt b/content/wp-content/uploads/pages/subtitles/2017/03/english.vtt
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+WEBVTT

+

+1

+00:00:11.100 --> 00:00:15.360

+free software is the first battle in the

+

+2

+00:00:15.360 --> 00:00:17.360

+liberation of cyberspace

+

+3

+00:00:17.360 --> 00:00:20.080

+who controls your computer

+

+4

+00:00:20.080 --> 00:00:22.440

+is it you or is it some

+

+5

+00:00:22.440 --> 00:00:25.600

+big company that's really controlling it

+

+6

+00:00:25.830 --> 00:00:28.610

+well what is a computer a computer is a

+

+7

+00:00:28.610 --> 00:00:32.660

+universal machine it will do any

+

+8

+00:00:32.660 --> 00:00:35.640

+computation you wanted to because you

+

+9

+00:00:35.640 --> 00:00:37.770

+give it a program that says what the

+

+10

+00:00:37.770 --> 00:00:40.460

+computation is that you want so the

+

+11

+00:00:40.460 --> 00:00:42.510

+computer only knows how to get out and

+

+12

+00:00:42.510 --> 00:00:44.430

+instruction and do it and get add

+

+13

+00:00:44.430 --> 00:00:46.320

+another instruction and do it

+

+14

+00:00:46.320 --> 00:00:48.890

+the program has the instructions it says

+

+15

+00:00:48.890 --> 00:00:52.280

+what to do and so you by writing the

+

+16

+00:00:52.280 --> 00:00:53.870

+right program you can make it do

+

+17

+00:00:53.870 --> 00:00:56.760

+anything well almost anything

+

+18

+00:00:56.760 --> 00:00:59.480

+um so who gives the instructions to your

+

+19

+00:00:59.480 --> 00:01:01.890

+computer you might think it's obeying

+

+20

+00:01:01.890 --> 00:01:05.480

+your instructions when really it's

+

+21

+00:01:05.480 --> 00:01:08.760

+obeying somebody else first and you only

+

+22

+00:01:08.760 --> 00:01:11.100

+as much as that company wants it too

+

+23

+00:01:11.100 --> 00:01:14.640

+will let it listen to you with software

+

+24

+00:01:14.640 --> 00:01:16.380

+there are two possibilities either the

+

+25

+00:01:16.380 --> 00:01:19.470

+users control the program or the program

+

+26

+00:01:19.470 --> 00:01:22.740

+controls the users it's inevitably one

+

+27

+00:01:22.740 --> 00:01:23.850

+or the other

+

+28

+00:01:23.850 --> 00:01:26.580

+so in order for the users to control the

+

+29

+00:01:26.580 --> 00:01:28.790

+program they need the four essential

+

+30

+00:01:28.790 --> 00:01:32.670

+freedoms and that's the definition of

+

+31

+00:01:32.670 --> 00:01:36.900

+free software free software respects the

+

+32

+00:01:36.900 --> 00:01:39.000

+users freedom and community now we often

+

+33

+00:01:39.000 --> 00:01:41.460

+call it libra using the french or

+

+34

+00:01:41.460 --> 00:01:43.400

+spanish word pronounce it as you like

+

+35

+00:01:43.400 --> 00:01:45.810

+the point is that's what we mean we

+

+36

+00:01:45.810 --> 00:01:47.790

+don't mean it's gratis we're not talking

+

+37

+00:01:47.790 --> 00:01:49.970

+about price we're concerned with your

+

+38

+00:01:49.970 --> 00:01:53.430

+freedom and we sometimes say free /

+

+39

+00:01:53.430 --> 00:01:56.720

+libre to show that so freedom zeros the

+

+40

+00:01:56.720 --> 00:01:59.150

+freedom to run the program as you wish

+

+41

+00:01:59.150 --> 00:02:02.490

+for whatever purpose freedom one is the

+

+42

+00:02:02.490 --> 00:02:04.500

+freedom to study the source code of the

+

+43

+00:02:04.500 --> 00:02:07.740

+program and change it so it does the

+

+44

+00:02:07.740 --> 00:02:10.640

+computing you wanted to do but what is

+

+45

+00:02:10.640 --> 00:02:12.450

+the source code well every program

+

+46

+00:02:12.450 --> 00:02:13.550

+typically will have to

+

+47

+00:02:13.550 --> 00:02:16.730

+forms there's the form that you can read

+

+48

+00:02:16.730 --> 00:02:19.100

+and you can understand if you know the

+

+49

+00:02:19.100 --> 00:02:21.290

+programming language that's the source

+

+50

+00:02:21.290 --> 00:02:24.500

+that's what programmers write and change

+

+51

+00:02:24.500 --> 00:02:25.940

+then there's the executable which is a

+

+52

+00:02:25.940 --> 00:02:28.250

+bunch of numbers which even a programmer

+

+53

+00:02:28.250 --> 00:02:30.410

+can figure out if all you get is the

+

+54

+00:02:30.410 --> 00:02:32.810

+executable it's a horrible pain in the

+

+55

+00:02:32.810 --> 00:02:35.330

+neck to figure out what it does and even

+

+56

+00:02:35.330 --> 00:02:38.270

+harder to change it so to give you the

+

+57

+00:02:38.270 --> 00:02:41.600

+real possibility to study and change it

+

+58

+00:02:41.600 --> 00:02:42.880

+they've got to give you the source code

+

+59

+00:02:42.880 --> 00:02:46.190

+that's a requirement well with those two

+

+60

+00:02:46.190 --> 00:02:49.820

+freedoms each user separately can make a

+

+61

+00:02:49.820 --> 00:02:52.100

+copy and start changing it and make it

+

+62

+00:02:52.100 --> 00:02:53.750

+do what she wants

+

+63

+00:02:53.750 --> 00:02:57.650

+that's individual control but what if

+

+64

+00:02:57.650 --> 00:02:59.390

+you're not a programmer you look at the

+

+65

+00:02:59.390 --> 00:03:01.640

+source code and you don't understand it

+

+66

+00:03:01.640 --> 00:03:04.820

+individual control isn't enough

+

+67

+00:03:04.820 --> 00:03:07.700

+we also need collective control which

+

+68

+00:03:07.700 --> 00:03:09.260

+means any group of users are free to

+

+69

+00:03:09.260 --> 00:03:11.780

+work together to adapt the program to

+

+70

+00:03:11.780 --> 00:03:14.210

+what they want of course in the group

+

+71

+00:03:14.210 --> 00:03:16.430

+some of them are programmers they're the

+

+72

+00:03:16.430 --> 00:03:18.830

+ones who actually write the changes but

+

+73

+00:03:18.830 --> 00:03:20.450

+they're doing it as part of the group

+

+74

+00:03:20.450 --> 00:03:23.200

+for what the group wants course the

+

+75

+00:03:23.200 --> 00:03:25.340

+group doesn't have to be everybody so

+

+76

+00:03:25.340 --> 00:03:27.770

+others can use it some other way they're

+

+77

+00:03:27.770 --> 00:03:30.620

+all free to do that so collective

+

+78

+00:03:30.620 --> 00:03:32.630

+control requires two more essential

+

+79

+00:03:32.630 --> 00:03:34.970

+freedoms freedom to is the freedom to

+

+80

+00:03:34.970 --> 00:03:37.450

+redistribute exact copies to make the

+

+81

+00:03:37.450 --> 00:03:39.290

+copies and then give them away or sell

+

+82

+00:03:39.290 --> 00:03:42.500

+them when you wish and freedom three is

+

+83

+00:03:42.500 --> 00:03:44.420

+similar but it's for your modified

+

+84

+00:03:44.420 --> 00:03:46.550

+versions you're free to make copies and

+

+85

+00:03:46.550 --> 00:03:48.320

+then give them or sell them when you

+

+86

+00:03:48.320 --> 00:03:49.100

+wish

+

+87

+00:03:49.100 --> 00:03:51.500

+so we do have these freedoms that it's

+

+88

+00:03:51.500 --> 00:03:53.200

+free software the users control the

+

+89

+00:03:53.200 --> 00:03:55.700

+program but if any of those freedoms is

+

+90

+00:03:55.700 --> 00:03:58.940

+missing then the users don't control the

+

+91

+00:03:58.940 --> 00:04:01.400

+program instead the program controls the

+

+92

+00:04:01.400 --> 00:04:04.400

+users and the developer controls the

+

+93

+00:04:04.400 --> 00:04:07.790

+program so that means this program is an

+

+94

+00:04:07.790 --> 00:04:11.120

+instrument of unjust power for its

+

+95

+00:04:11.120 --> 00:04:15.800

+developer / the users that means the

+

+96

+00:04:15.800 --> 00:04:18.730

+users don't have freedom that's non-free

+

+97

+00:04:18.730 --> 00:04:20.570

+proprietary software which we got to get

+

+98

+00:04:20.570 --> 00:04:21.410

+rid of

+

+99

+00:04:21.410 --> 00:04:23.720

+well when you've got proprietary

+

+100

+00:04:23.720 --> 00:04:26.380

+software what happens sometimes

+

+101

+00:04:26.380 --> 00:04:30.100

+program snoops on the user sometimes it

+

+102

+00:04:30.100 --> 00:04:34.300

+tracks the user sometimes it restricts

+

+103

+00:04:34.300 --> 00:04:37.900

+the user and stop users from doing what

+

+104

+00:04:37.900 --> 00:04:39.700

+they want to do you can see that the

+

+105

+00:04:39.700 --> 00:04:41.200

+blu-ray is your enemy

+

+106

+00:04:41.200 --> 00:04:44.860

+um sometimes the software remotely

+

+107

+00:04:44.860 --> 00:04:48.190

+deletes books as Amazon did with 1984

+

+108

+00:04:48.190 --> 00:04:54.310

+but sometimes the developer compels

+

+109

+00:04:54.310 --> 00:04:58.540

+users to install a harmful upgrade by

+

+110

+00:04:58.540 --> 00:05:00.190

+threatening to take away other

+

+111

+00:05:00.190 --> 00:05:03.460

+functionality if it's not installed as

+

+112

+00:05:03.460 --> 00:05:05.860

+Sony did and sometimes they can even

+

+113

+00:05:05.860 --> 00:05:08.560

+forcibly change the software at a

+

+114

+00:05:08.560 --> 00:05:11.380

+distance as Microsoft can with windows

+

+115

+00:05:11.380 --> 00:05:13.750

+through the universal back door

+

+116

+00:05:13.750 --> 00:05:17.350

+I'm so sometimes they even sabotage

+

+117

+00:05:17.350 --> 00:05:19.930

+users as Microsoft does when it tells

+

+118

+00:05:19.930 --> 00:05:23.860

+the NSA about bugs in windows so it can

+

+119

+00:05:23.860 --> 00:05:26.350

+use them to attack people's computers

+

+120

+00:05:26.350 --> 00:05:28.930

+well what you get is basically with

+

+121

+00:05:28.930 --> 00:05:32.110

+proprietary software the owner has power

+

+122

+00:05:32.110 --> 00:05:35.500

+over the users and takes advantage of

+

+123

+00:05:35.500 --> 00:05:37.450

+this power putting in those various

+

+124

+00:05:37.450 --> 00:05:40.600

+malicious functionalities to hurt the

+

+125

+00:05:40.600 --> 00:05:43.300

+users of course they don't do this

+

+126

+00:05:43.300 --> 00:05:45.460

+because they're Satanist they're doing

+

+127

+00:05:45.460 --> 00:05:48.340

+it just for money for greed they have

+

+128

+00:05:48.340 --> 00:05:51.160

+various ways that they can profit from

+

+129

+00:05:51.160 --> 00:05:54.430

+having this power over users which does

+

+130

+00:05:54.430 --> 00:05:56.890

+not make it even the tiniest bit less

+

+131

+00:05:56.890 --> 00:05:59.950

+evil but they have no shame about it

+

+132

+00:05:59.950 --> 00:06:02.200

+they have conferences where they talk

+

+133

+00:06:02.200 --> 00:06:04.540

+about the latest ways they can take

+

+134

+00:06:04.540 --> 00:06:06.850

+advantage of users through the power

+

+135

+00:06:06.850 --> 00:06:10.210

+they have basically proprietary software

+

+136

+00:06:10.210 --> 00:06:14.260

+which in is now from almost all the

+

+137

+00:06:14.260 --> 00:06:15.940

+users of proprietary software they're

+

+138

+00:06:15.940 --> 00:06:19.210

+using proprietary malware its software

+

+139

+00:06:19.210 --> 00:06:20.500

+for suckers

+

+140

+00:06:20.500 --> 00:06:23.560

+so how do us how do you stop being the

+

+141

+00:06:23.560 --> 00:06:27.100

+victim formerly you have to stop using

+

+142

+00:06:27.100 --> 00:06:28.930

+computers but not anymore

+

+143

+00:06:28.930 --> 00:06:30.820

+now you can come join us in the free

+

+144

+00:06:30.820 --> 00:06:36.460

+world that we've built but in 1983 i can

+

+145

+00:06:36.460 --> 00:06:38.620

+announce i would develop a completely

+

+146

+00:06:38.620 --> 00:06:39.840

+free software up

+

+147

+00:06:39.840 --> 00:06:44.160

+rating system called GNU in 1992 we had

+

+148

+00:06:44.160 --> 00:06:46.380

+almost finished but one piece was

+

+149

+00:06:46.380 --> 00:06:49.270

+missing the Kernel Linux or vaults in

+

+150

+00:06:49.270 --> 00:06:50.370

+that year

+

+151

+00:06:50.370 --> 00:06:53.190

+freed his Kernel Linux which filled the

+

+152

+00:06:53.190 --> 00:06:56.190

+last gap and gave us the first complete

+

+153

+00:06:56.190 --> 00:06:58.470

+system you could run on a pc GNU plus

+

+154

+00:06:58.470 --> 00:07:04.290

+Linux so unfortunately having freedom at

+

+155

+00:07:04.290 --> 00:07:06.390

+one more point doesn't guarantee you'll

+

+156

+00:07:06.390 --> 00:07:08.940

+keep it there are over a thousand

+

+157

+00:07:08.940 --> 00:07:11.880

+different variants of GNU/Linux called

+

+158

+00:07:11.880 --> 00:07:14.880

+distributions a few of them are entirely

+

+159

+00:07:14.880 --> 00:07:17.700

+free software most of them have non-free

+

+160

+00:07:17.700 --> 00:07:19.620

+software added because they are

+

+161

+00:07:19.620 --> 00:07:21.990

+maintained by people who aren't

+

+162

+00:07:21.990 --> 00:07:23.880

+concerned about freedom they rather and

+

+163

+00:07:23.880 --> 00:07:25.770

+convenience but at the cost of freedom

+

+164

+00:07:25.770 --> 00:07:29.490

+so you have to check which is a free

+

+165

+00:07:29.490 --> 00:07:32.550

+distro to keep your freedom sometimes

+

+166

+00:07:32.550 --> 00:07:34.470

+requires a sacrifice sometimes a big

+

+167

+00:07:34.470 --> 00:07:38.640

+sacrifice as at Lexington sometimes but

+

+168

+00:07:38.640 --> 00:07:41.580

+but in our campaign they tend to be

+

+169

+00:07:41.580 --> 00:07:45.270

+little sacrifices anybody with a little

+

+170

+00:07:45.270 --> 00:07:46.740

+bit of maturity can make these

+

+171

+00:07:46.740 --> 00:07:49.590

+sacrifices for instance you want

+

+172

+00:07:49.590 --> 00:07:51.660

+applications but some of them are

+

+173

+00:07:51.660 --> 00:07:55.360

+non-free if you want freedom you got it do without them

+

+174

+00:07:55.360 --> 00:07:57.840

+so there may be some inconvenience is

+

+175

+00:07:57.840 --> 00:08:00.120

+you have to suffer for your freedom sake

+

+176

+00:08:00.120 --> 00:08:04.830

+then many websites send non-free

+

+177

+00:08:04.830 --> 00:08:07.680

+programs written in JavaScript to the

+

+178

+00:08:07.680 --> 00:08:09.990

+users browser if you don't want to run

+

+179

+00:08:09.990 --> 00:08:11.940

+non-free programs you should install

+

+180

+00:08:11.940 --> 00:08:15.490

+libre jas which blocks keeps out

+

+181

+00:08:15.490 --> 00:08:18.450

+non-free javascript and sometimes

+

+182

+00:08:18.450 --> 00:08:21.780

+servers will offer to do your computing

+

+183

+00:08:21.780 --> 00:08:24.510

+they say send us all your data obviously

+

+184

+00:08:24.510 --> 00:08:25.800

+for suckers

+

+185

+00:08:25.800 --> 00:08:28.240

+then the server does the computing and

+

+186

+00:08:28.240 --> 00:08:30.550

+sends you back the results but you're

+

+187

+00:08:30.550 --> 00:08:32.130

+not supposed to think about what's

+

+188

+00:08:32.130 --> 00:08:34.920

+happening because it's a cloud and you

+

+189

+00:08:34.920 --> 00:08:37.380

+don't see what's going on

+

+190

+00:08:37.380 --> 00:08:38.860

+well you should look it's

+

+191

+00:08:38.860 --> 00:08:41.490

+software-as-a-service as a software

+

+192

+00:08:41.490 --> 00:08:44.290

+substitute and it takes away control of

+

+193

+00:08:44.290 --> 00:08:48.630

+your computing so a large fraction of

+

+194

+00:08:48.630 --> 00:08:51.330

+the world's web servers are running do /

+

+195

+00:08:51.330 --> 00:08:53.890

+lanoxin other free software but i think the

+

+196

+00:08:53.890 --> 00:08:55.450

+most important computers

+

+197

+00:08:55.450 --> 00:08:58.240

+to put freedom in our your computer's

+

+198

+00:08:58.240 --> 00:09:01.370

+not company's web servers they deserve

+

+199

+00:09:01.370 --> 00:09:04.690

+freedom also but above all its people

+

+200

+00:09:04.690 --> 00:09:07.570

+that deserve freedom so we need to

+

+201

+00:09:07.570 --> 00:09:11.290

+advance and to do that we have to cross

+

+202

+00:09:11.290 --> 00:09:13.930

+obstacles one of them is there are big

+

+203

+00:09:13.930 --> 00:09:15.700

+companies that make a lot of money by

+

+204

+00:09:15.700 --> 00:09:18.500

+having control over users and they don't

+

+205

+00:09:18.500 --> 00:09:20.500

+want to let us advance we have to

+

+206

+00:09:20.500 --> 00:09:22.750

+overcome their opposition

+

+207

+00:09:22.750 --> 00:09:25.240

+another is that the mainstream media

+

+208

+00:09:25.240 --> 00:09:27.820

+don't talk about free software they have

+

+209

+00:09:27.820 --> 00:09:30.860

+a term that they use to bury these

+

+210

+00:09:30.860 --> 00:09:33.680

+ethical issues they say open source

+

+211

+00:09:33.680 --> 00:09:35.930

+instead now

+

+212

+00:09:35.930 --> 00:09:37.870

+it talks about more or less the same

+

+213

+00:09:37.870 --> 00:09:41.620

+programs but with different ideas where

+

+214

+00:09:41.620 --> 00:09:44.590

+free software activists say this is a

+

+215

+00:09:44.590 --> 00:09:46.330

+matter of right and wrong users deserve

+

+216

+00:09:46.330 --> 00:09:48.760

+freedom we demand freedom the people say

+

+217

+00:09:48.760 --> 00:09:50.740

+open source data once say that

+

+218

+00:09:50.740 --> 00:09:53.830

+so instead they say let the users change

+

+219

+00:09:53.830 --> 00:09:55.970

+the software and redistribute it and

+

+220

+00:09:55.970 --> 00:09:58.180

+they'll make the code better they'll fix

+

+221

+00:09:58.180 --> 00:09:59.170

+some bugs

+

+222

+00:09:59.170 --> 00:10:01.900

+it may be true but it's a less important issue if

+

+223

+00:10:01.900 --> 00:10:03.190

+we want to keep our freedom

+

+224

+00:10:03.190 --> 00:10:05.260

+we've got to talk about freedom so say

+

+225

+00:10:05.260 --> 00:10:07.450

+free software and you're helping us

+

+226

+00:10:07.450 --> 00:10:09.880

+every time another obstacle is that lots

+

+227

+00:10:09.880 --> 00:10:12.820

+of schools teach non-free software which

+

+228

+00:10:12.820 --> 00:10:15.500

+is basically like teaching the kids to

+

+229

+00:10:15.500 --> 00:10:17.830

+smoke tobacco it's implanting dependence

+

+230

+00:10:17.830 --> 00:10:19.630

+which is the opposite of what school

+

+231

+00:10:19.630 --> 00:10:22.690

+should do a school should prepare

+

+232

+00:10:22.690 --> 00:10:27.110

+citizens to live in a strong capable

+

+233

+00:10:27.110 --> 00:10:30.110

+independent cooperating and free society

+

+234

+00:10:30.110 --> 00:10:33.520

+which means teaching free software in

+

+235

+00:10:33.520 --> 00:10:35.770

+the school but there's another reason to

+

+236

+00:10:35.770 --> 00:10:38.740

+do that for education some kids want to

+

+237

+00:10:38.740 --> 00:10:40.850

+become programmers they're curious they

+

+238

+00:10:40.850 --> 00:10:42.760

+wantto know how the programs work well

+

+239

+00:10:42.760 --> 00:10:44.120

+the one who's studying a free software

+

+240

+00:10:44.120 --> 00:10:46.550

+can understand it the one who's studying

+

+241

+00:10:46.550 --> 00:10:48.670

+a non-free program can't learn anything

+

+242

+00:10:48.670 --> 00:10:52.240

+because the knowledge in the non-free

+

+243

+00:10:52.240 --> 00:10:55.420

+program is withheld denied to the

+

+244

+00:10:55.420 --> 00:10:57.800

+students so to uphold the spirit of

+

+245

+00:10:57.800 --> 00:10:59.830

+Education the school should make sure

+

+246

+00:10:59.830 --> 00:11:01.870

+its programs are free but there's an

+

+247

+00:11:01.870 --> 00:11:04.540

+even more important reason schools

+

+248

+00:11:04.540 --> 00:11:06.880

+should teach the spirit of goodwill

+

+249

+00:11:06.880 --> 00:11:09.790

+the habit of helping other people so the

+

+250

+00:11:09.790 --> 00:11:12.370

+class should say if you bring a program

+

+251

+00:11:12.370 --> 00:11:14.950

+to class just as if you bring cookies to

+

+252

+00:11:14.950 --> 00:11:15.730

+class

+

+253

+00:11:15.730 --> 00:11:17.230

+you've got to share it with everyone

+

+254

+00:11:17.230 --> 00:11:19.870

+else can't keep it to yourself you gotta

+

+255

+00:11:19.870 --> 00:11:22.270

+share the source code so other people

+

+256

+00:11:22.270 --> 00:11:24.820

+can learn so don't bring any proprietary

+

+257

+00:11:24.820 --> 00:11:26.830

+software to this class

+

+258

+00:11:26.830 --> 00:11:29.920

+the school has to set a good example by

+

+259

+00:11:29.920 --> 00:11:32.740

+following its own rule should bring only

+

+260

+00:11:32.740 --> 00:11:35.620

+free software to class except as a

+

+261

+00:11:35.620 --> 00:11:39.700

+reverse engineering exercise another

+

+262

+00:11:39.700 --> 00:11:42.350

+obstacle is there's hardware we don't

+

+263

+00:11:42.350 --> 00:11:43.990

+know how to write free software for

+

+264

+00:11:43.990 --> 00:11:46.270

+because they won't tell us how to use

+

+265

+00:11:46.270 --> 00:11:48.850

+the hardware that shocking they want to

+

+266

+00:11:48.850 --> 00:11:51.100

+sell you the product and they won't tell

+

+267

+00:11:51.100 --> 00:11:52.300

+you how to use it

+

+268

+00:11:52.300 --> 00:11:54.820

+they say here's a non-free program you

+

+269

+00:11:54.820 --> 00:11:57.250

+can use run it and shut up

+

+270

+00:11:57.250 --> 00:12:00.910

+don't bother us well how do we find out

+

+271

+00:12:00.910 --> 00:12:02.770

+how to run that hardware with reverse

+

+272

+00:12:02.770 --> 00:12:05.890

+engineering you gotta study all those

+

+273

+00:12:05.890 --> 00:12:07.450

+zeroes and ones to figure out what they

+

+274

+00:12:07.450 --> 00:12:10.660

+really do and write down how to use that

+

+275

+00:12:10.660 --> 00:12:12.610

+hardware so someone else can write the

+

+276

+00:12:12.610 --> 00:12:15.730

+free program to do it it's hard work but

+

+277

+00:12:15.730 --> 00:12:17.620

+it can be done if you want to make a big

+

+278

+00:12:17.620 --> 00:12:19.990

+technical contribution that's what you

+

+279

+00:12:19.990 --> 00:12:24.130

+should do each new area activity of life

+

+280

+00:12:24.130 --> 00:12:27.520

+can bring with it new human rights that

+

+281

+00:12:27.520 --> 00:12:29.890

+are necessary and the human rights

+

+282

+00:12:29.890 --> 00:12:32.860

+depend on each other if you lose one it

+

+283

+00:12:32.860 --> 00:12:35.800

+becomes harder to maintain the others so

+

+284

+00:12:35.800 --> 00:12:38.830

+nowadays computing is so important in

+

+285

+00:12:38.830 --> 00:12:41.140

+society that the freedoms of free

+

+286

+00:12:41.140 --> 00:12:44.170

+software are among the human rights that

+

+287

+00:12:44.170 --> 00:12:47.290

+society must establish and protect us

+

+288

+00:12:47.290 --> 00:12:49.660

+how to help

+

+289

+00:12:49.660 --> 00:12:51.860

+well you can write free software you can

+

+290

+00:12:51.860 --> 00:12:55.540

+organize groups to campaign and persuade

+

+291

+00:12:55.540 --> 00:12:57.350

+schools and governments to move to free

+

+292

+00:12:57.350 --> 00:12:59.740

+software you can help other people when

+

+293

+00:12:59.740 --> 00:13:01.930

+they have trouble using free software or

+

+294

+00:13:01.930 --> 00:13:05.170

+help them install it you can say free

+

+295

+00:13:05.170 --> 00:13:06.980

+software and spread the philosophical

+

+296

+00:13:06.980 --> 00:13:10.900

+ideas moving to free software is the

+

+297

+00:13:10.900 --> 00:13:13.270

+first step in the liberation of cyberspace

+

+298

+00:13:13.270 --> 00:13:15.160

+but of course we also use the internet

+

+299

+00:13:15.160 --> 00:13:17.200

+we need other freedoms they're like

+

+300

+00:13:17.200 --> 00:13:19.400

+network neutrality and

+

+301

+00:13:19.400 --> 00:13:22.910

+putting an end to surveillance of people

+

+302

+00:13:22.910 --> 00:13:24.640

+in general

diff --git a/content/wp-content/uploads/pages/subtitles/2017/03/portuguese.vtt b/content/wp-content/uploads/pages/subtitles/2017/03/portuguese.vtt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..458da55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/wp-content/uploads/pages/subtitles/2017/03/portuguese.vtt
@@ -0,0 +1,1103 @@
+WEBVTT

+

+1

+00:00:10.943 --> 00:00:17.986

+O software livre é a primeira batalha
+na liberação do ciberespaço.

+

+2

+00:00:17.986 --> 00:00:20.318

+Quem controla o seu computador?

+

+3

+00:00:20.318 --> 00:00:25.902

+É você ou alguma grande empresa
+que realmente o controla?

+

+4

+00:00:25.902 --> 00:00:27.997

+O que é um computador?

+

+5

+00:00:27.997 --> 00:00:31.144

+Um computador é uma máquina universal.

+

+6

+00:00:31.664 --> 00:00:35.172

+Ele vai computar qualquer coisa
+que você quiser

+

+7

+00:00:35.172 --> 00:00:37.285

+porque você dá a ele um programa que diz

+

+8

+00:00:37.285 --> 00:00:40.287

+o que deverá ser computado.

+

+9

+00:00:40.287 --> 00:00:44.600

+O computador só sabe
+como conseguir instruções e executá-las,

+

+10

+00:00:44.600 --> 00:00:46.522

+e conseguir mais instruções e executá-las.

+

+11

+00:00:46.522 --> 00:00:50.591

+O programa tem as instruções,
+ele diz o que fazer.

+

+12

+00:00:50.591 --> 00:00:55.256

+Criando o programa certo,
+você deixa ele fazer de tudo.

+

+13

+00:00:55.256 --> 00:00:56.824

+Bem, quase tudo.

+

+14

+00:00:58.140 --> 00:01:00.853

+Que dá as instruções ao seu computador?

+

+15

+00:01:00.853 --> 00:01:04.495

+Você pode pensar que ele está
+obedecendo suas instruções

+

+16

+00:01:04.495 --> 00:01:07.777

+quando ele está obedecendo
+outra pessoa primeiro,

+

+17

+00:01:07.778 --> 00:01:13.624

+e a você somente na medida
+em que a empresa escutá-lo.

+

+18

+00:01:14.224 --> 00:01:16.256

+Com software, há duas possibilidades:

+

+19

+00:01:16.256 --> 00:01:21.747

+Ou os usuários controlam o programa,
+ou acontece o contrário.

+

+20

+00:01:21.747 --> 00:01:24.119

+É um ou outro, inevitavelmente.

+

+21

+00:01:24.119 --> 00:01:27.329

+Para que os usuários controlem o programa,

+

+22

+00:01:27.329 --> 00:01:30.308

+eles precisam das quatro
+liberdades essenciais.

+

+23

+00:01:31.118 --> 00:01:34.698

+Essa é a definição de um software livre.

+

+24

+00:01:34.698 --> 00:01:38.583

+O software livre respeita a liberdade
+do usuário e da comunidade.

+

+25

+00:01:38.583 --> 00:01:43.874

+Geralmente o chamamos "libre",
+usando a palavra em francês ou espanhol.

+

+26

+00:01:43.874 --> 00:01:45.988

+De qualquer forma,
+é isso que queremos dizer.

+

+27

+00:01:45.989 --> 00:01:48.925

+Não queremos dizer que é grátis,
+não se trata de preço.

+

+28

+00:01:48.925 --> 00:01:51.217

+Estamos preocupados com a sua liberdade,

+

+29

+00:01:51.217 --> 00:01:55.250

+e, às vezes, dizemos "libre/livre"
+para mostrar isso.

+

+30

+00:01:55.250 --> 00:01:58.475

+Liberdade zero é a liberdade
+para utilizar o programa

+

+31

+00:01:58.475 --> 00:02:01.270

+como você desejar
+e para qualquer propósito.

+

+32

+00:02:01.270 --> 00:02:05.310

+Liberdade um é a que permite o estudo
+do código-fonte do programa

+

+33

+00:02:05.320 --> 00:02:10.269

+e poder mudá-lo,
+para computar o que você quiser.

+

+34

+00:02:10.270 --> 00:02:11.752

+Mas o que é o código-fonte?

+

+35

+00:02:11.752 --> 00:02:14.787

+Os programas normalmente
+terão duas formas.

+

+36

+00:02:14.787 --> 00:02:17.367

+Uma forma que você pode ler,

+

+37

+00:02:17.367 --> 00:02:20.680

+e entender se você sabe
+a linguagem de programação.

+

+38

+00:02:20.681 --> 00:02:22.306

+Esta é a fonte.

+

+39

+00:02:22.306 --> 00:02:24.708

+É isso que os programadores
+escrevem e mudam.

+

+40

+00:02:24.708 --> 00:02:27.250

+Há também a executável,
+que é um monte de números

+

+41

+00:02:27.250 --> 00:02:29.914

+que até um programador não entende.

+

+42

+00:02:29.914 --> 00:02:31.801

+Se você só tem o executável,

+

+43

+00:02:31.801 --> 00:02:35.117

+é um trabalho enorme
+descobrir o que ele faz,

+

+44

+00:02:35.117 --> 00:02:37.240

+e é ainda mais difícil mudá-lo.

+

+45

+00:02:37.240 --> 00:02:41.137

+Então, para se ter a possibilidade
+real de estudá-lo e mudá-loa,

+

+46

+00:02:41.137 --> 00:02:43.322

+é necessário que lhe deem
+o código-fonte.

+

+47

+00:02:43.322 --> 00:02:44.919

+Isto é um requisito essencial.

+

+48

+00:02:44.919 --> 00:02:47.456

+Com essas duas liberdades,

+

+49

+00:02:47.456 --> 00:02:50.588

+cada usuário, separadamente,
+pode fazer uma cópia

+

+50

+00:02:50.588 --> 00:02:54.317

+e começar a mudá-la
+para que ele faça o que ele quer.

+

+51

+00:02:54.317 --> 00:02:56.986

+Isto é o controle individual.

+

+52

+00:02:56.986 --> 00:02:59.224

+Mas e se você não for um programador?

+

+53

+00:02:59.224 --> 00:03:02.180

+Você olha para o código-fonte
+e não o entende.

+

+54

+00:03:02.190 --> 00:03:04.791

+Controle individual não é o suficiente.

+

+55

+00:03:04.791 --> 00:03:07.720

+Também precisamos de controle coletivo,

+

+56

+00:03:07.720 --> 00:03:09.851

+que quer dizer que qualquer grupo
+de usuários tem liberdade

+

+57

+00:03:09.851 --> 00:03:13.216

+para unir esforços e adaptar o programa
+para fazer o que eles quiserem.

+

+58

+00:03:13.216 --> 00:03:16.192

+Claro que, no grupo,
+alguns deles são programadores.

+

+59

+00:03:16.192 --> 00:03:18.890

+Eles são os que escrevem as modificações,

+

+60

+00:03:18.890 --> 00:03:22.757

+mas fazem isso como parte do grupo
+e para o propósito dele.

+

+61

+00:03:22.758 --> 00:03:25.312

+Claro que o grupo não
+tem que ser todo mundo.

+

+62

+00:03:25.312 --> 00:03:28.390

+Outros podem utilizá-lo
+de algum outro modo.

+

+63

+00:03:28.390 --> 00:03:29.690

+Todos estão livres para fazê-lo.

+

+64

+00:03:29.691 --> 00:03:33.717

+Controle coletivo requer
+mais duas liberdades essenciais.

+

+65

+00:03:33.717 --> 00:03:37.154

+A liberdade dois é a que permite
+redistribuir cópias idênticas,

+

+66

+00:03:37.154 --> 00:03:41.190

+fazer as cópias e distribuí-las
+ou vendê-las se preferir.

+

+67

+00:03:41.190 --> 00:03:45.486

+A liberdade três é parecida,
+mas é para versões modificadas.

+

+68

+00:03:45.486 --> 00:03:49.387

+Você pode fazer cópias, e então
+distribuí-las ou vendê-las se quiser.

+

+69

+00:03:49.387 --> 00:03:52.447

+Se você tem essas liberdades,
+então o software é livre,

+

+70

+00:03:52.447 --> 00:03:54.525

+e os usuários controlam o programa.

+

+71

+00:03:54.525 --> 00:03:59.523

+Mas se alguma delas falta,
+os usuários não controlam o programa.

+

+72

+00:03:59.523 --> 00:04:05.329

+Nesse caso o programa controla o usuário
+e o desenvolvedor controla o programa.

+

+73

+00:04:05.330 --> 00:04:10.768

+Isso quer dizer que o programa
+é um instrumento de poder injusto

+

+74

+00:04:10.768 --> 00:04:14.783

+para seu desenvolvedor sobre os usuários.

+

+75

+00:04:14.783 --> 00:04:17.620

+Quer dizer que os usuários
+não têm liberdade,

+

+76

+00:04:17.620 --> 00:04:22.910

+que é software particular e privado,
+e temos que nos livrar dele.

+

+77

+00:04:22.910 --> 00:04:25.488

+O que acontece quando
+se tem um software privado?

+

+78

+00:04:25.488 --> 00:04:29.390

+Às vezes, o programa bisbilhota o usuário.

+

+79

+00:04:29.390 --> 00:04:32.498

+Às vezes, ele rastreia o usuário.

+

+80

+00:04:32.498 --> 00:04:35.522

+Às vezes, restringe o usuário,

+

+81

+00:04:35.522 --> 00:04:38.320

+e o impede de fazer o que ele quer fazer.

+

+82

+00:04:38.321 --> 00:04:41.199

+Veja que o "Blu-ray" é seu inimigo.

+

+83

+00:04:41.199 --> 00:04:42.331

+(Risos)

+

+84

+00:04:42.331 --> 00:04:46.146

+Às vezes, o software deleta
+livros remotamente

+

+85

+00:04:46.146 --> 00:04:49.356

+como a Amazon fez com o "1984".

+

+86

+00:04:49.356 --> 00:04:54.947

+Às vezes, o desenvolvedor
+força os usuários

+

+87

+00:04:54.947 --> 00:04:58.658

+a instalar uma atualização prejudicial,

+

+88

+00:04:58.658 --> 00:05:01.191

+ameaçando remover uma outra função

+

+89

+00:05:01.191 --> 00:05:04.943

+se não for feita a instalação,
+como a Sony fez.

+

+90

+00:05:04.944 --> 00:05:09.661

+Às vezes, ele até mudam
+o software à distância

+

+91

+00:05:09.661 --> 00:05:14.885

+como a Microsoft faz com o Windows
+pela porta dos fundos universal.

+

+92

+00:05:14.885 --> 00:05:18.489

+Às vezes ele sabotam os usuários,

+

+93

+00:05:18.489 --> 00:05:22.792

+como a Microsoft faz quando reporta
+os bugs no Windows à NSA,

+

+94

+00:05:22.792 --> 00:05:27.323

+para que ela usar isto para atacar
+os computadores das pessoas.

+

+95

+00:05:27.323 --> 00:05:30.969

+A verdade é que com software proprietário,

+

+96

+00:05:30.969 --> 00:05:33.724

+o dono tem poder sobre os usuários,

+

+97

+00:05:33.724 --> 00:05:36.233

+e tira vantagem desse poder,

+

+98

+00:05:36.233 --> 00:05:40.850

+incluindo todas aquelas
+funcionalidades maliciosas

+

+99

+00:05:40.850 --> 00:05:42.251

+para prejudicar os usuários.

+

+100

+00:05:42.252 --> 00:05:45.480

+Claro que não fazem isso
+porque são sádicos,

+

+101

+00:05:45.480 --> 00:05:47.918

+só o fazem por dinheiro e ganância.

+

+102

+00:05:47.918 --> 00:05:53.872

+Há muitas formas de lucrarem
+com este poder sobre os usuários,

+

+103

+00:05:53.872 --> 00:05:58.584

+o que não o faz nem um
+pouco menos prejudicial.

+

+104

+00:05:58.584 --> 00:06:00.420

+Mas eles não se envergonham disso.

+

+105

+00:06:00.420 --> 00:06:04.252

+Têm conferências em que falam
+das formas mais modernas

+

+106

+00:06:04.252 --> 00:06:08.457

+de tirar vantagem dos usuários
+usando o poder que têm.

+

+107

+00:06:08.457 --> 00:06:11.349

+Basicamente, no software proprietário,

+

+108

+00:06:11.350 --> 00:06:16.300

+o que acontece com quase todos
+os seus usuários,

+

+109

+00:06:16.300 --> 00:06:19.510

+é que eles estão usando
+malware proprietário.

+

+110

+00:06:19.520 --> 00:06:21.253

+É o "software para idiotas".

+

+111

+00:06:21.253 --> 00:06:25.114

+Como você deixa de ser a vítima?

+

+112

+00:06:25.114 --> 00:06:29.190

+Antes, você tinha que parar
+de usar computadores, mas agora não.

+

+113

+00:06:29.190 --> 00:06:33.615

+Agora, você poder se juntar a nós
+no mundo livre que criamos.

+

+114

+00:06:33.615 --> 00:06:37.870

+Em 1983, anunciei que eu ia desenvolver

+

+115

+00:06:37.870 --> 00:06:42.860

+um software de sistema operacional
+totalmente livre chamado GNU.

+

+116

+00:06:42.860 --> 00:06:45.589

+Em 1992, o tínhamos quase acabado,

+

+117

+00:06:45.589 --> 00:06:48.353

+mas faltava uma peça, o kernel.

+

+118

+00:06:48.353 --> 00:06:52.690

+Linus Torvalds, naquele ano,
+liberou seu kernel, o Linux,

+

+119

+00:06:52.690 --> 00:06:54.824

+o que preencheu a última
+lacuna e nos deu

+

+120

+00:06:54.824 --> 00:07:00.316

+o primeiro sistema completo que
+você poderia rodar num PC: o GNU/Linux.

+

+121

+00:07:00.316 --> 00:07:07.349

+Infelizmente, ter liberdade uma vez
+não garante que você vai mantê-la.

+

+122

+00:07:07.350 --> 00:07:11.658

+Há mais de mil variantes do GNU/Linux.

+

+123

+00:07:11.658 --> 00:07:13.577

+Se chamam distribuições.

+

+124

+00:07:13.577 --> 00:07:16.336

+Algumas são software totalmente livre,

+

+125

+00:07:16.336 --> 00:07:19.289

+a maioria tem software
+não-livre adicionado,

+

+126

+00:07:19.289 --> 00:07:23.240

+porque são mantidas por pessoas
+que não liga para liberdade.

+

+127

+00:07:23.240 --> 00:07:27.900

+Preferem adicionar conveniência
+às custas da liberdade.

+

+128

+00:07:27.900 --> 00:07:30.938

+Então você tem que conferir,
+qual é uma distribuição grátis.

+

+129

+00:07:30.938 --> 00:07:34.500

+Para manter sua liberdade,
+às vezes você precisa de um sacrifício,

+

+130

+00:07:34.500 --> 00:07:38.190

+que pode ser grande, como na Lexington.

+

+131

+00:07:38.190 --> 00:07:44.220

+os da nossa campanha são,
+geralmente, sacrifícios pequenos.

+

+132

+00:07:44.220 --> 00:07:48.516

+Qualquer um com um pouco de maturidade
+pode fazer esses sacrifícios.

+

+133

+00:07:48.516 --> 00:07:52.890

+Por exemplo, você quer aplicações,
+mas a maioria não é de graça.

+

+134

+00:07:52.890 --> 00:07:55.623

+Se você quer liberdade,
+tem que viver sem elas.

+

+135

+00:07:55.624 --> 00:07:58.293

+Pode haver algumas inconveniências

+

+136

+00:07:58.293 --> 00:08:01.661

+que você sofrerá por causa
+da sua liberdade.

+

+137

+00:08:01.661 --> 00:08:06.320

+Muitos websites mandam
+programas não-livres,

+

+138

+00:08:06.320 --> 00:08:09.100

+escritos em JavaScript,
+para o navegador do usuário.

+

+139

+00:08:09.100 --> 00:08:11.288

+Se você não quer executar
+programas não-livres,

+

+140

+00:08:11.288 --> 00:08:14.850

+deve instalar o LibreJS,

+

+141

+00:08:14.850 --> 00:08:17.882

+que bloqueia e mantêm
+JavaScript não-livre de fora.

+

+142

+00:08:17.882 --> 00:08:22.557

+Às vezes, os servidores se oferecem
+para computar seus dados.

+

+143

+00:08:22.557 --> 00:08:24.590

+Dizem: "Envie-nos seus dados."

+

+144

+00:08:24.590 --> 00:08:26.349

+Para idiotas, obviamente.

+

+145

+00:08:26.349 --> 00:08:30.483

+Então o servidor faz a computação,
+e te envia de volta os dados.

+

+146

+00:08:30.483 --> 00:08:33.115

+Mas você não deve pensar
+sobre o que está acontecendo,

+

+147

+00:08:33.115 --> 00:08:37.640

+porque é uma "nuvem", e você
+não vê o que está se passando.

+

+148

+00:08:37.640 --> 00:08:39.253

+Bom, você deveria dar uma olhada.

+

+149

+00:08:39.253 --> 00:08:41.787

+É um serviço que substitui o software,

+

+150

+00:08:41.787 --> 00:08:46.151

+e toma o controle do seu computador.

+

+151

+00:08:46.151 --> 00:08:50.224

+Grande parte dos servidores da internet

+

+152

+00:08:50.225 --> 00:08:53.290

+está rodando GNU/Linux
+e outros softwares livres.

+

+153

+00:08:53.290 --> 00:08:57.706

+Mas acho que os principais computadores
+a terem liberdade devem ser

+

+154

+00:08:57.706 --> 00:09:01.210

+os seus computadores,
+e não servidores empresariais.

+

+155

+00:09:01.210 --> 00:09:02.824

+Eles também merecem liberdade.

+

+156

+00:09:02.824 --> 00:09:06.117

+Mas acima de tudo, são as pessoas
+que merecem liberdade.

+

+157

+00:09:06.118 --> 00:09:09.620

+Por isso precisamos avançar,

+

+158

+00:09:09.620 --> 00:09:12.618

+e para isso temos que superar obstáculos.

+

+159

+00:09:12.618 --> 00:09:14.861

+Um deles é que há grandes empresas

+

+160

+00:09:14.861 --> 00:09:17.915

+que ganham muito dinheiro
+controlando os usuários.

+

+161

+00:09:17.916 --> 00:09:20.119

+Elas não querem que avancemos.

+

+162

+00:09:20.119 --> 00:09:23.117

+Temos de superar esta oposição.

+

+163

+00:09:23.117 --> 00:09:27.454

+Outro é que a grande mídia
+não fala sobre software livre.

+

+164

+00:09:27.454 --> 00:09:32.587

+Eles usam um termo
+para enterrar estar questões éticas.

+

+165

+00:09:32.587 --> 00:09:35.391

+Eles chamam de "Código Aberto".

+

+166

+00:09:35.391 --> 00:09:39.589

+Isso se trata mais ou menos
+dos mesmos programas,

+

+167

+00:09:39.589 --> 00:09:41.615

+mas com ideias diferentes.

+

+168

+00:09:41.615 --> 00:09:43.884

+Quando os ativistas de
+software livre dizem:

+

+169

+00:09:43.884 --> 00:09:45.891

+"Esta é uma questão de certo e errado.

+

+170

+00:09:45.891 --> 00:09:47.998

+Usuários merecem liberdade, a exigimos."

+

+171

+00:09:47.999 --> 00:09:50.982

+As pessoas que dizem "código aberto"
+não querem dizer o mesmo.

+

+172

+00:09:50.982 --> 00:09:52.382

+Em vez disso dizem:

+

+173

+00:09:52.382 --> 00:09:56.151

+"Os usuários podem modificar
+e redistribuir o software,

+

+174

+00:09:56.152 --> 00:09:58.910

+e eles melhorarão o código."

+

+175

+00:09:58.910 --> 00:09:59.440

+Vão consertar alguns bugs.

+

+176

+00:09:59.480 --> 00:10:01.947

+Talvez seja verdade,
+mas isso não é tão importante.

+

+177

+00:10:01.947 --> 00:10:05.810

+Se queremos manter nossa liberdade,
+temos que falar de liberdade.

+

+178

+00:10:05.810 --> 00:10:08.652

+Então diga "software livre"
+e você estará nos ajudando sempre.

+

+179

+00:10:08.652 --> 00:10:12.873

+Outro obstáculo é que muitas escolas
+ensinam os softwares não-livres,

+

+180

+00:10:12.873 --> 00:10:16.455

+que é basicamente o mesmo
+que ensinar crianças a fumar.

+

+181

+00:10:16.455 --> 00:10:18.382

+É uma implantação de dependência,

+

+182

+00:10:18.382 --> 00:10:20.722

+o oposto do que escolas deveriam fazer.

+

+183

+00:10:20.722 --> 00:10:24.730

+Uma escola deveria preparar
+os cidadãos para viverem

+

+184

+00:10:24.730 --> 00:10:31.810

+numa sociedade forte, capaz,
+independente, cooperativa e livre,

+

+185

+00:10:31.810 --> 00:10:34.689

+o que significa que deveriam
+ensinar software livre nas escolas.

+

+186

+00:10:34.689 --> 00:10:37.623

+Mas há outra razão
+para fazer isso pela educação.

+

+187

+00:10:37.624 --> 00:10:40.691

+Algumas crianças querem ser
+programadoras, são curiosas.

+

+188

+00:10:40.691 --> 00:10:42.785

+Querem saber como os programas funcionam.

+

+189

+00:10:42.785 --> 00:10:45.911

+Enquanto uma que estuda
+software livre consegue entendê-lo,

+

+190

+00:10:45.912 --> 00:10:49.452

+a que estuda um programa
+não livre não aprende nada,

+

+191

+00:10:49.452 --> 00:10:53.316

+porque o conhecimento no
+programa não-livre

+

+192

+00:10:53.316 --> 00:10:56.683

+é mantido escondido, negado aos alunos.

+

+193

+00:10:56.683 --> 00:10:59.230

+Assim para apoiar o espírito da educação,

+

+194

+00:10:59.230 --> 00:11:01.756

+a escola deveria assegurar
+que os programas sejam livres.

+

+195

+00:11:01.756 --> 00:11:03.745

+Há uma razão ainda mais importante:

+

+196

+00:11:03.745 --> 00:11:07.187

+Escolas deveriam ensinar
+o espírito da boa-vontade,

+

+197

+00:11:07.187 --> 00:11:09.520

+o hábito de ajudar os outros.

+

+198

+00:11:09.520 --> 00:11:11.322

+A aula deveria dizer:

+

+199

+00:11:11.322 --> 00:11:13.726

+"Se você trouxer um programa para a aula,

+

+200

+00:11:13.726 --> 00:11:15.882

+do mesmo modo que acontece com biscoitos,

+

+201

+00:11:15.882 --> 00:11:18.287

+você terá que compartilhar com os outros.

+

+202

+00:11:18.288 --> 00:11:19.785

+Não poderá ficar com tudo.

+

+203

+00:11:19.785 --> 00:11:23.824

+Terá que compartilhar o código-fonte,
+para que os outros aprendam.

+

+204

+00:11:23.824 --> 00:11:27.830

+Então não traga um software
+proprietário para a aula."

+

+205

+00:11:27.830 --> 00:11:32.890

+A escola tem que dar um bom exemplo
+seguindo a própria regra:

+

+206

+00:11:32.890 --> 00:11:34.782

+só se pode trazer software
+livre para a aula,

+

+207

+00:11:34.782 --> 00:11:39.534

+com exceção de um exercício
+de engenharia reversa.

+

+208

+00:11:39.534 --> 00:11:41.949

+Outro obstáculo é que existem hardwares

+

+209

+00:11:41.949 --> 00:11:44.846

+para os quais não sabemos criar softwares,

+

+210

+00:11:44.846 --> 00:11:47.622

+porque não nos dizem
+como se usa o hardware.

+

+211

+00:11:47.622 --> 00:11:50.387

+Isso é chocante. Querem
+te vender o produto,

+

+212

+00:11:50.388 --> 00:11:52.489

+mas não te ensinam a usá-lo.

+

+213

+00:11:52.489 --> 00:11:55.950

+Dizem: "Aqui está um programa
+não livre que você pode usar.

+

+214

+00:11:55.950 --> 00:11:59.583

+Use-o, e fique calado. Não nos incomode."

+

+215

+00:11:59.583 --> 00:12:04.820

+Como descobrimos como se usa o hardware
+com a engenharia reversa?

+

+216

+00:12:04.820 --> 00:12:08.681

+Estude todos os zeros e uns para
+descobrir o que eles realmente fazem,

+

+217

+00:12:08.681 --> 00:12:11.590

+e escreva como se usa este hardware,

+

+218

+00:12:11.590 --> 00:12:14.482

+para que outra pessoa possa
+escrever o programa que o faça.

+

+219

+00:12:14.482 --> 00:12:16.925

+É difícil, mas pode ser feito,

+

+220

+00:12:16.926 --> 00:12:19.455

+se você quiser fazer uma grande
+contribuição técnica,

+

+221

+00:12:19.455 --> 00:12:21.515

+é isso que deve fazer.

+

+222

+00:12:21.515 --> 00:12:24.786

+Cada área nova, ou atividade na vida,

+

+223

+00:12:24.786 --> 00:12:29.890

+pode trazer junto novos
+e necessários direitos humanos .

+

+224

+00:12:29.890 --> 00:12:31.518

+Os direitos humanos dependem um do outro.

+

+225

+00:12:31.518 --> 00:12:35.711

+Se você perder um,
+é mais difícil manter os outros.

+

+226

+00:12:35.711 --> 00:12:39.854

+Então hoje, a computação
+é tão importante na sociedade

+

+227

+00:12:39.854 --> 00:12:44.214

+que as liberdades do software livre
+estão entre os direitos humanos

+

+228

+00:12:44.214 --> 00:12:47.322

+que a sociedade deve
+estabelecer e proteger.

+

+229

+00:12:47.322 --> 00:12:49.908

+Assim, como ajudar?

+

+230

+00:12:49.908 --> 00:12:51.918

+Você pode criar software livre.

+

+231

+00:12:51.918 --> 00:12:54.616

+Pode organizar grupos
+para fazer campanhas,

+

+232

+00:12:54.616 --> 00:12:58.285

+e persuadir escolas e governos
+a mudar para softwares livres.

+

+233

+00:12:58.285 --> 00:13:01.951

+Você pode ajudar os outros quando
+tiverem problemas usando software livre,

+

+234

+00:13:01.951 --> 00:13:03.849

+ou ajudá-los a instalá-lo.

+

+235

+00:13:03.849 --> 00:13:08.713

+Pode dizer "software livre",
+e espalhar as ideias filosóficas.

+

+236

+00:13:08.713 --> 00:13:11.391

+A transição para o software livre
+é o primeiro passo

+

+237

+00:13:11.391 --> 00:13:15.670

+na liberação do ciberespaço,
+mas claro que também usamos a internet.

+

+238

+00:13:15.671 --> 00:13:17.551

+Precisamos de outras liberdades nela,

+

+239

+00:13:17.551 --> 00:13:20.850

+como a neutralidade da rede, e pôr um fim

+

+240

+00:13:20.850 --> 00:13:25.167

+na espionagem das pessoas em geral.

+

+241

+00:13:25.167 --> 00:13:33.510

+(Aplausos)

+

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@@ -0,0 +1,1130 @@
+WEBVTT

+

+1

+00:00:11.120 --> 00:00:15.140

+El software libre es la primera batalla

+

+2

+00:00:15.140 --> 00:00:18.160

+en la liberación del ciberespacio.

+

+3

+00:00:18.160 --> 00:00:20.220

+¿Quién controla tu computadora?

+

+4

+00:00:20.240 --> 00:00:25.670

+¿Eres tú o es una gran compañía

+quién realmente la controla?

+

+5

+00:00:25.770 --> 00:00:27.780

+¿Qué es una computadora?

+

+6

+00:00:27.790 --> 00:00:31.850

+Una computadora es

+una máquina universal.

+

+7

+00:00:31.870 --> 00:00:35.120

+Ejecutará cualquier cosa que pidas

+

+8

+00:00:35.120 --> 00:00:37.400

+porque le diste un programa que ordena

+

+9

+00:00:37.430 --> 00:00:40.160

+que es lo que quieres que ejecute.

+

+10

+00:00:40.170 --> 00:00:43.980

+La computadora solo sabe

+como recibir una instrucción y ejecutarla,

+

+11

+00:00:43.990 --> 00:00:46.350

+recibir otra instrucción y ejecutarla.

+

+12

+00:00:46.350 --> 00:00:50.550

+El programa tiene las instrucciones

+que dicen qué hacer.

+

+13

+00:00:50.610 --> 00:00:55.250

+Escribiendo el programa adecuado,

+puedes conseguir cualquier cosa.

+

+14

+00:00:55.250 --> 00:00:57.660

+O al menos casi todo.

+

+15

+00:00:57.670 --> 00:01:00.690

+¿Quién da las instrucciones a

+tu computadora?

+

+16

+00:01:00.720 --> 00:01:04.320

+Puedes pensar que obedece tus ordenes

+

+17

+00:01:04.350 --> 00:01:07.490

+cuando realmente obedece

+a alguien más primero,

+

+18

+00:01:07.550 --> 00:01:13.950

+y tú solo puedes ser escuchado hasta

+donde la compañía te permita.

+

+19

+00:01:13.990 --> 00:01:16.490

+Con el software,

+hay dos posibilidades:

+

+20

+00:01:16.930 --> 00:01:21.490

+Cualquiera de los usuarios controla

+el programa o este los controla a ellos.

+

+21

+00:01:21.490 --> 00:01:23.840

+Es inevitable una u otra.

+

+22

+00:01:23.890 --> 00:01:27.130

+Para que los usuarios puedan controlar el programa,

+

+23

+00:01:27.130 --> 00:01:30.920

+ellos necesitan cuatro libertades esenciales.

+

+24

+00:01:30.920 --> 00:01:34.400

+Esta es la definición de software libre.

+

+25

+00:01:34.430 --> 00:01:38.350

+El software libre respeta la libertad

+de los usuarios y de la comunidad.

+

+26

+00:01:38.360 --> 00:01:42.390

+Frecuentemente los llamamos "Libre"

+utilizando la palabra Francesa o Española.

+

+27

+00:01:42.400 --> 00:01:45.710

+Pronunciado como quieran,

+la cuestión es qué es lo que significa.

+

+28

+00:01:45.730 --> 00:01:48.790

+No queremos decir que es gratis,

+no hablamos sobre el precio.

+

+29

+00:01:48.790 --> 00:01:51.380

+Estamos preocupados por la libertad,

+

+30

+00:01:51.450 --> 00:01:55.550

+y a veces decimos

+"Free/Libre" para demostrarlo.

+

+31

+00:01:55.570 --> 00:01:58.470

+La libertad número 0

+es la de utilizar el programa

+

+32

+00:01:58.500 --> 00:02:01.230

+como quieras

+para cualquier propósito.

+

+33

+00:02:01.230 --> 00:02:05.350

+La libertad número 1 es la de estudiar

+el código fuente del programa

+

+34

+00:02:05.370 --> 00:02:09.710

+y cambiarlo, para que así

+se ejecute la orden que quieras.

+

+35

+00:02:09.730 --> 00:02:11.440

+Pero, ¿qué es el código fuente?

+

+36

+00:02:11.460 --> 00:02:14.570

+Normalmente cada programa

+tiene dos formas.

+

+37

+00:02:14.630 --> 00:02:18.390

+Hay una forma que puedes leer y entender

+

+38

+00:02:18.400 --> 00:02:20.480

+si conoces el lenguaje de programación.

+

+39

+00:02:20.520 --> 00:02:21.920

+Ese es el código fuente.

+

+40

+00:02:21.940 --> 00:02:24.320

+Es lo que los programadores

+escriben y cambian.

+

+41

+00:02:24.340 --> 00:02:27.220

+Luego, hay un ejecutable, que es

+un banco de números

+

+42

+00:02:27.220 --> 00:02:29.580

+que incluso un programador

+no puede entender.

+

+43

+00:02:29.600 --> 00:02:31.580

+Si todo lo que tienes es el ejecutable,

+

+44

+00:02:31.590 --> 00:02:34.980

+podría ser un horroroso dolor de cabeza

+imaginarse qué es lo que hace,

+

+45

+00:02:34.990 --> 00:02:36.860

+e incluso más difícil de cambiar.

+

+46

+00:02:36.870 --> 00:02:41.690

+Por lo que para tener la posibilidad real

+de estudiarlo y cambiarlo,

+

+47

+00:02:41.690 --> 00:02:42.940

+tienen que darte el código fuente.

+

+48

+00:02:42.950 --> 00:02:44.620

+Es un requisito indispensable.

+

+49

+00:02:44.620 --> 00:02:47.450

+Con estas dos libertades,

+

+50

+00:02:47.460 --> 00:02:50.300

+cada usuario puede hacer una copia

+por separado,

+

+51

+00:02:50.320 --> 00:02:54.100

+empezar a cambiarlo y hacer que ejecute la orden que quieran.

+

+52

+00:02:54.100 --> 00:02:56.740

+Eso es control individual.

+

+53

+00:02:56.750 --> 00:02:58.910

+Pero, ¿qué ocurre sino eres programador?

+

+54

+00:02:58.920 --> 00:03:01.700

+Cuando miras el código fuente

+no puedes entenderlo.

+

+55

+00:03:01.740 --> 00:03:04.780

+El control individual no es suficiente.

+

+56

+00:03:04.790 --> 00:03:06.960

+También necesitamos un control colectivo,

+

+57

+00:03:06.970 --> 00:03:10.360

+significa que cualquier grupo

+de usuarios es libre de trabajar juntos

+

+58

+00:03:10.370 --> 00:03:12.910

+para adaptar el programa a lo que quieran.

+

+59

+00:03:12.920 --> 00:03:16.260

+Por supuesto, algunos

+serán programadores.

+

+60

+00:03:16.490 --> 00:03:18.720

+Son quienes realmente

+escriben los cambios,

+

+61

+00:03:18.720 --> 00:03:20.830

+pero lo hacen como parte del grupo

+

+62

+00:03:20.850 --> 00:03:22.600

+para lo que el grupo quiere.

+

+63

+00:03:22.620 --> 00:03:25.380

+Por supuesto, el grupo no tiene

+por que ser todo el mundo.

+

+64

+00:03:25.400 --> 00:03:27.580

+Otros pueden usarlo de otra forma.

+

+65

+00:03:27.580 --> 00:03:30.130

+Todos son libres para hacer eso.

+

+66

+00:03:30.140 --> 00:03:33.500

+El control colectivo requiere dos

+libertades esenciales más.

+

+67

+00:03:33.500 --> 00:03:36.970

+La libertad número 2

+es la de redistribuir copias exactas,

+

+68

+00:03:36.970 --> 00:03:38.920

+hacer copias y redistribuirlas

+

+69

+00:03:38.940 --> 00:03:41.260

+o venderlas cuando quieras.

+

+70

+00:03:41.590 --> 00:03:43.120

+La libertad número 3 es similar,

+

+71

+00:03:43.350 --> 00:03:45.270

+pero es para tus versiones modificadas.

+

+72

+00:03:45.300 --> 00:03:49.170

+Puedes hacer copias y redistribuirlas

+o venderlas cuando quieras.

+

+73

+00:03:49.240 --> 00:03:52.200

+Si realmente tienes estas libertades,

+el software es libre,

+

+74

+00:03:52.210 --> 00:03:54.130

+los usuarios controlan el programa.

+

+75

+00:03:54.130 --> 00:03:56.780

+Pero si una de estas libertades no existe,

+

+76

+00:03:56.810 --> 00:03:59.530

+entonces los usuarios no controlan

+al programa.

+

+77

+00:03:59.530 --> 00:04:05.580

+En cambio, el programa los controla

+a ellos y el desarrollador al programa.

+

+78

+00:04:05.590 --> 00:04:10.630

+Eso significa que este programa es

+un instrumento de un poder injusto

+

+79

+00:04:10.680 --> 00:04:14.530

+del desarrollador sobre los usuarios.

+

+80

+00:04:14.560 --> 00:04:17.500

+Significa que los usuarios

+no tienen libertad,

+

+81

+00:04:17.560 --> 00:04:21.790

+eso no es libre, y es por eso tenemos

+que eliminar el software privativo.

+

+82

+00:04:21.820 --> 00:04:25.260

+¿Qué ocurre cuando tienes software

+privativo?

+

+83

+00:04:25.270 --> 00:04:29.100

+A veces el programa fisgonea al usuario.

+

+84

+00:04:29.150 --> 00:04:32.210

+A veces rastrea al usuario.

+

+85

+00:04:32.280 --> 00:04:35.230

+A veces restringe al usuario,

+

+86

+00:04:35.260 --> 00:04:38.170

+e impide a los usuarios hacer

+lo que quieren hacer.

+

+87

+00:04:38.190 --> 00:04:41.290

+Como ven el rayo azul es su enemigo.

+

+88

+00:04:41.310 --> 00:04:42.340

+(Risas)

+

+89

+00:04:42.360 --> 00:04:45.990

+A veces el software borra los libros

+remotamente

+

+90

+00:04:46.270 --> 00:04:49.110

+tal y como Amazon hizo con

+"Mil novecientos ochenta y cuatro"

+

+91

+00:04:49.130 --> 00:04:54.760

+A veces el desarrollador fuerza al usuario

+

+92

+00:04:54.840 --> 00:04:58.400

+a instalar una actualización perjudicial,

+

+93

+00:04:58.420 --> 00:05:01.520

+amenazando con eliminar alguna

+otra funcionalidad

+

+94

+00:05:01.550 --> 00:05:04.660

+si no se instala, como lo hizo

+Sony.

+

+95

+00:05:04.690 --> 00:05:09.440

+Pueden incluso cambiar por la fuerza

+el software a distancia

+

+96

+00:05:09.440 --> 00:05:14.630

+como Microsoft puede con Windows

+mediante la puerta trasera universal.

+

+97

+00:05:14.670 --> 00:05:18.170

+Incluso pueden sabotear a los usuarios,

+

+98

+00:05:18.210 --> 00:05:23.370

+como Microsoft cuando le cuenta a

+la NSA sobre fallos en Windows,

+

+99

+00:05:23.390 --> 00:05:26.670

+información que pueden usar para

+atacar las computadoras de la gente.

+

+100

+00:05:26.690 --> 00:05:30.750

+Eso es lo que básicamente tienes,

+con el software privativo,

+

+101

+00:05:30.770 --> 00:05:33.790

+el dueño tiene el poder sobre

+los usuarios,

+

+102

+00:05:33.800 --> 00:05:36.340

+y se aprovecha de este poder,

+

+103

+00:05:36.600 --> 00:05:39.900

+para definir algunas

+funcionalidades maliciosas

+

+104

+00:05:39.910 --> 00:05:41.930

+para dañar al usuario.

+

+105

+00:05:41.950 --> 00:05:44.910

+Por supuesto que no lo hacen

+porque sean sádicos;

+

+106

+00:05:44.940 --> 00:05:47.710

+lo hacen únicamente por dinero,

+por avaricia.

+

+107

+00:05:47.730 --> 00:05:51.110

+Tienen varias formas para sacar provecho

+

+108

+00:05:51.130 --> 00:05:53.750

+de este poder sobre los usuarios,

+

+109

+00:05:53.790 --> 00:05:58.350

+que no hace que incluso que los más

+pequeños sean menos malvados.

+

+110

+00:05:58.370 --> 00:06:00.250

+Ellos no se avergüenzan por esto.

+

+111

+00:06:00.260 --> 00:06:04.100

+Incluso hacen conferencias donde

+hablan sobre las últimas novedades

+

+112

+00:06:04.310 --> 00:06:08.370

+sobre cómo aprovecharse del usuario

+gracias al poder que tienen.

+

+113

+00:06:08.390 --> 00:06:11.100

+Básicamente, el software privativo,

+

+114

+00:06:11.100 --> 00:06:15.820

+que es ahora para la mayoría de usuarios

+de software privativo,

+

+115

+00:06:15.840 --> 00:06:18.590

+están usando malware privativo.

+

+116

+00:06:18.610 --> 00:06:21.200

+Es "software para tontos".

+

+117

+00:06:21.480 --> 00:06:24.810

+¿Cómo dejar de ser una víctima?

+

+118

+00:06:24.850 --> 00:06:28.930

+Antiguamente tenías que dejar de usar

+computadoras, pero ya no.

+

+119

+00:06:28.940 --> 00:06:34.260

+Ahora, puedes unirte a nosotros en

+el mundo libre que hemos creado.

+

+120

+00:06:34.290 --> 00:06:38.120

+En 1983, anuncie que desarrollaría

+

+121

+00:06:38.170 --> 00:06:41.820

+un sistema operativo totalmente libre

+llamado GNU.

+

+122

+00:06:41.830 --> 00:06:45.410

+En 1992, lo teníamos casi terminado,

+

+123

+00:06:45.430 --> 00:06:48.170

+pero faltaba una pieza, el núcleo [kernel].

+

+124

+00:06:48.200 --> 00:06:52.540

+Linus Torvalds, en aquel año, liberó

+el núcleo Linux,

+

+125

+00:06:52.580 --> 00:06:55.180

+con el que llenar el último hueco,

+y nos dio

+

+126

+00:06:55.190 --> 00:07:00.450

+el primer sistema operativo completo

+para arrancar en un PC: GNU/Linux.

+

+127

+00:07:00.790 --> 00:07:07.400

+Desafortunadamente, tener libertad por

+un lado no te garantiza mantenerla.

+

+128

+00:07:07.410 --> 00:07:11.400

+Hay más de un centenar de versiones

+diferentes de GNU/Linux.

+

+129

+00:07:11.430 --> 00:07:13.410

+Conocidas como distribuciones.

+

+130

+00:07:13.430 --> 00:07:16.270

+Algunas son enteramente software libre;

+

+131

+00:07:16.270 --> 00:07:18.950

+muchas contienen software privativo,

+

+132

+00:07:18.950 --> 00:07:22.580

+porque las mantienen personas

+no preocupada por la libertad.

+

+133

+00:07:22.600 --> 00:07:26.860

+Lo añaden a la conciencia

+a costa de la libertad.

+

+134

+00:07:26.870 --> 00:07:30.960

+Por ello tienes que comprobar

+que distribución es libre.

+

+135

+00:07:30.980 --> 00:07:33.750

+Mantener tu libertad requiere

+un sacrificio,

+

+136

+00:07:33.760 --> 00:07:37.720

+a veces un gran sacrificio, como

+en Lexington.

+

+137

+00:07:37.760 --> 00:07:43.950

+En nuestra campaña tienden a ser

+pequeños sacrificios.

+

+138

+00:07:43.970 --> 00:07:48.330

+Cualquier con un poco de madurez

+puede hacerlos.

+

+139

+00:07:48.360 --> 00:07:52.680

+Por ejemplo, quieres aplicaciones pero

+algunas no son libres.

+

+140

+00:07:52.690 --> 00:07:55.390

+Si quieres libertad, tienes

+que hacerlo sin ellas.

+

+141

+00:07:55.410 --> 00:07:58.630

+Puede haber algunos inconvenientes

+

+142

+00:07:58.790 --> 00:08:01.320

+a sufrir por el bien de su libertad.

+

+143

+00:08:01.350 --> 00:08:05.850

+Algunas sitios web ejecutan

+en el navegador

+

+144

+00:08:05.860 --> 00:08:09.170

+software privativo

+escritos en JavaScript.

+

+145

+00:08:09.190 --> 00:08:11.420

+Si no quieres ejecutar

+software privativo,

+

+146

+00:08:11.430 --> 00:08:13.870

+deberías instalar LibreJS

+

+147

+00:08:13.900 --> 00:08:17.570

+que bloquea, y evita

+el JavaScript no libre.

+

+148

+00:08:17.590 --> 00:08:21.900

+A veces, los servidores

+te ofrecen realizar tus tareas.

+

+149

+00:08:21.910 --> 00:08:24.250

+Dicen, "Envíanos toda tu información."

+

+150

+00:08:24.260 --> 00:08:26.120

+Obviamente, para tontos.

+

+151

+00:08:26.120 --> 00:08:30.210

+El servidor hace la tarea y te

+devuelve los resultados.

+

+152

+00:08:30.220 --> 00:08:32.860

+Supuestamente no deberías pensar

+sobre que lo que pasa,

+

+153

+00:08:32.890 --> 00:08:37.530

+porque es una "nube", y no puedes

+ver lo que ocurre.

+

+154

+00:08:37.550 --> 00:08:39.180

+Pues deberías mirar.

+

+155

+00:08:39.190 --> 00:08:42.480

+Se ofrece como un sustituto

+del software,

+

+156

+00:08:42.510 --> 00:08:47.300

+y le quita el control de su computadora.

+

+157

+00:08:47.330 --> 00:08:50.370

+Una gran parte de los

+servidores del mundo

+

+158

+00:08:50.790 --> 00:08:53.130

+se ejecutan sobre GNU/Linux

+y otro software libre.

+

+159

+00:08:53.140 --> 00:08:56.980

+Sin embargo, creo que las computadoras

+mas importantes donde establecer libertad

+

+160

+00:08:57.120 --> 00:09:00.760

+son las suyas, no las de los servidores.

+

+161

+00:09:00.790 --> 00:09:02.610

+También merecen ser libres.

+

+162

+00:09:02.620 --> 00:09:05.940

+Pero por encima de todo es la gente

+la que merece libertad.

+

+163

+00:09:05.950 --> 00:09:08.870

+Necesitamos avanzar,

+

+164

+00:09:08.870 --> 00:09:12.290

+y para ello, tenemos

+que cruzar algunos obstáculos.

+

+165

+00:09:12.320 --> 00:09:14.540

+Uno de ellos son las grandes compañías

+

+166

+00:09:14.550 --> 00:09:17.640

+que hacen mucho dinero teniendo

+el control sobre los usuarios.

+

+167

+00:09:17.660 --> 00:09:19.870

+No quieren dejarnos avanzar.

+

+168

+00:09:19.890 --> 00:09:22.850

+Tenemos que vencer su oposición.

+

+169

+00:09:22.880 --> 00:09:27.280

+Otra son los medios de comunicación

+principales que no hablan del software libre.

+

+170

+00:09:27.290 --> 00:09:32.350

+Tienen un término que usan para

+evitar hablar de cuestiones éticas.

+

+171

+00:09:32.380 --> 00:09:35.230

+Lo llaman "código abierto".

+

+172

+00:09:35.260 --> 00:09:39.450

+Ahora, se habla más o menos de

+los mismos programas,

+

+173

+00:09:39.470 --> 00:09:41.390

+pero con diferentes ideas.

+

+174

+00:09:41.410 --> 00:09:43.650

+Donde los activistas del

+software libre dicen,

+

+175

+00:09:43.660 --> 00:09:45.580

+"Es una cuestión de lo correcto y

+lo incorrecto.

+

+176

+00:09:45.600 --> 00:09:47.850

+Los usuarios precisan libertad,

+queremos libertad."

+

+177

+00:09:47.870 --> 00:09:50.750

+La gente que dice código abierto,

+no quieren decir eso.

+

+178

+00:09:50.770 --> 00:09:52.170

+En cambio, dicen,

+

+179

+00:09:52.190 --> 00:09:55.770

+"Dejen a los usuarios cambiar

+el software y redistribuirlo,

+

+180

+00:09:55.840 --> 00:09:57.620

+y mejorarán el código.

+

+181

+00:09:57.650 --> 00:09:58.900

+Corregirán muchos fallos."

+

+182

+00:10:00.160 --> 00:10:01.430

+Quizás sea sea verdad, pero

+

+183

+00:10:01.430 --> 00:10:04.700

+Si queremos mantener nuestra libertad,

+tenemos que hablar de la libertad.

+

+184

+00:10:04.720 --> 00:10:08.320

+Digan "software libre", y así

+nos ayudarán todo el tiempo.

+

+185

+00:10:08.360 --> 00:10:12.680

+Otro obstáculo es que muchas escuelas

+enseñan software no libre,

+

+186

+00:10:12.700 --> 00:10:16.240

+que básicamente es como enseñar

+a los niños a fumar tabaco.

+

+187

+00:10:16.250 --> 00:10:18.220

+Es implantar la dependencia,

+

+188

+00:10:18.240 --> 00:10:20.560

+lo opuesto a lo que las escuelas

+deberían hacer.

+

+189

+00:10:20.560 --> 00:10:24.570

+La escuela debería preparar a

+los ciudadanos para vivir

+

+190

+00:10:24.580 --> 00:10:30.900

+en una sociedad fuerte, capaz,

+independiente y cooperativa,

+

+191

+00:10:30.910 --> 00:10:34.550

+lo cual significa, enseñar software libre

+en las escuelas.

+

+192

+00:10:34.570 --> 00:10:37.460

+Pero hay otra razón para hacer esto

+por la educación.

+

+193

+00:10:37.480 --> 00:10:40.770

+Algunos niños quieren convertirse

+en programadores, son curiosos.

+

+194

+00:10:40.770 --> 00:10:42.660

+Quieren saber cómo funciona

+el programa.

+

+195

+00:10:42.670 --> 00:10:45.670

+Cuando alguien que estudia software libre

+puede comprenderlo,

+

+196

+00:10:45.690 --> 00:10:49.430

+el que estudia software no libre

+no puede aprender nada,

+

+197

+00:10:49.440 --> 00:10:53.190

+porque el conocimiento en

+el programa no libre

+

+198

+00:10:53.220 --> 00:10:56.490

+es retenido y negado a los estudiantes.

+

+199

+00:10:56.510 --> 00:10:58.820

+Para defender el espíritu de la educación,

+

+200

+00:10:58.840 --> 00:11:01.380

+la escuela debería asegurarse de

+que sus programas son libres.

+

+201

+00:11:01.390 --> 00:11:04.280

+Pero aún hay una razón más importante:

+

+202

+00:11:04.300 --> 00:11:07.170

+Las escuelas deberían enseñar el espíritu

+de la buena voluntad,

+

+203

+00:11:07.180 --> 00:11:09.320

+el hábito de ayudar a otros.

+

+204

+00:11:09.330 --> 00:11:11.120

+La clase debería decir,

+

+205

+00:11:11.130 --> 00:11:13.440

+"Si traes un programa a clase,

+

+206

+00:11:13.450 --> 00:11:15.830

+es como si llevaras galletas a clase,

+

+207

+00:11:15.850 --> 00:11:17.870

+tienes que compartirlas con todos.

+

+208

+00:11:17.880 --> 00:11:19.560

+No puedes guardártelas para ti solo.

+

+209

+00:11:19.570 --> 00:11:23.680

+Tienes que compartir el código fuente,

+para que otros puedan aprender.

+

+210

+00:11:23.710 --> 00:11:27.100

+Así que no traigas ningún

+código privativo a esta clase."

+

+211

+00:11:27.100 --> 00:11:31.890

+La escuela tiene que dar un buen ejemplo

+siguiendo sus propias normas:

+

+212

+00:11:31.900 --> 00:11:34.560

+Deberías traer únicamente

+software libre a esta clase,

+

+213

+00:11:34.600 --> 00:11:39.290

+excepto si es un ejercicio

+de ingeniería inversa.

+

+214

+00:11:39.310 --> 00:11:41.920

+Otro obstáculo es que hay hardware

+

+215

+00:11:41.940 --> 00:11:44.680

+para el cual no sabemos cómo

+escribir el código,

+

+216

+00:11:44.700 --> 00:11:47.460

+porque tampoco nos cuentan cómo

+usar dicho hardware.

+

+217

+00:11:47.480 --> 00:11:50.200

+Es sorprendente que quieran

+venderte el producto

+

+218

+00:11:50.210 --> 00:11:52.290

+y no te digan cómo usarlo.

+

+219

+00:11:52.300 --> 00:11:55.780

+Dicen, "Aquí tienes un programa

+no libre para utilizarlo.

+

+220

+00:11:55.790 --> 00:11:59.240

+Ejecútalo y calla.

+No nos molestes."

+

+221

+00:11:59.300 --> 00:12:03.900

+¿Cómo se puede averiguar cómo funciona

+ese hardware con ingeniería inversa?

+

+222

+00:12:03.910 --> 00:12:08.550

+Tienes que estudiar todos esos ceros

+y uno para imaginarte qué hacen,

+

+223

+00:12:08.580 --> 00:12:11.390

+y anotar cómo utilizar el hardware,

+

+224

+00:12:11.410 --> 00:12:14.370

+para que alguien pueda escribir

+el programa libre que lo haga.

+

+225

+00:12:14.390 --> 00:12:16.690

+Es un trabajo duro pero puede hacerse.

+

+226

+00:12:16.700 --> 00:12:19.280

+Si quieres hacer una

+gran contribución técnica,

+

+227

+00:12:19.300 --> 00:12:21.240

+eso es lo que deberías hacer.

+

+228

+00:12:21.270 --> 00:12:24.650

+Cada nueva área, actividad de la vida,

+

+229

+00:12:24.690 --> 00:12:28.860

+puede traer consigo nuevos derechos

+humanos que son necesarios.

+

+230

+00:12:28.880 --> 00:12:31.300

+Los derechos humanos dependen

+unos de los otros.

+

+231

+00:12:31.310 --> 00:12:32.760

+Si pierdes uno,

+

+232

+00:12:32.780 --> 00:12:35.550

+resulta difícil mantener los otros.

+

+233

+00:12:35.570 --> 00:12:39.770

+Por eso, hoy día la programación

+es tan importante para la sociedad

+

+234

+00:12:39.790 --> 00:12:44.590

+que las libertades del software libre

+se encuentran entre los derechos humanos

+

+235

+00:12:44.750 --> 00:12:47.170

+que la sociedad debe establecer y proteger.

+

+236

+00:12:47.170 --> 00:12:49.630

+¿Cómo ayudar?

+

+237

+00:12:49.650 --> 00:12:51.670

+Puedes escribir software libre,

+

+238

+00:12:51.690 --> 00:12:54.460

+organizar grupos en una campaña

+

+239

+00:12:54.470 --> 00:12:58.150

+y persuadir a las escuelas y gobiernos

+para promover el software libre.

+

+240

+00:12:58.170 --> 00:13:01.790

+Puedes ayudar a otra gente cuando

+tienen problemas usando software libre,

+

+241

+00:13:01.810 --> 00:13:03.680

+o incluso con la instalación.

+

+242

+00:13:03.690 --> 00:13:08.370

+Puedes decir, "software libre,"

+y esparcir la idea filosófica.

+

+243

+00:13:08.390 --> 00:13:13.270

+Cambiarse al software libre es el primer

+paso de la liberación del ciberespacio,

+

+244

+00:13:13.290 --> 00:13:15.400

+pero por supuesto, necesitamos Internet.

+

+245

+00:13:15.420 --> 00:13:17.310

+Necesitamos otras libertades allí,

+

+246

+00:13:17.600 --> 00:13:20.720

+como la neutralidad de la red, y poner fin a

+

+247

+00:13:20.750 --> 00:13:24.470

+la vigilancia de las personas.

+

+248

+00:13:24.830 --> 00:13:27.290

+(Aplausos)